本文实现基于拉模式的Alibaba Sentinel规则持久化。
一、拉模式架构
TIPS
图片来自官方。
引用自
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/在生产环境中使用-Sentinel
二、原理简述
- FileRefreshableDataSource 定时从指定文件中读取规则JSON文件【图中的本地文件】，如果发现文件发生变化，就更新规则缓存。
- FileWritableDataSource 接收控制台规则推送，并根据配置，修改规则JSON文件【图中的本地文件】。
三、编写
修改Spring Cloud Alibaba微服务。
3.1 加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-extension</artifactId>
</dependency>3.2 写代码
/**
* 拉模式规则持久化
*
* @author itmuch.com
*/
public class FileDataSourceInit implements InitFunc {
@Override
public void init() throws Exception {
// TIPS: 如果你对这个路径不喜欢，可修改为你喜欢的路径
String ruleDir = System.getProperty("user.home") + "/sentinel/rules";
String flowRulePath = ruleDir + "/flow-rule.json";
String degradeRulePath = ruleDir + "/degrade-rule.json";
String systemRulePath = ruleDir + "/system-rule.json";
String authorityRulePath = ruleDir + "/authority-rule.json";
String paramFlowRulePath = ruleDir + "/param-flow-rule.json";
this.mkdirIfNotExits(ruleDir);
this.createFileIfNotExits(flowRulePath);
this.createFileIfNotExits(degradeRulePath);
this.createFileIfNotExits(systemRulePath);
this.createFileIfNotExits(authorityRulePath);
this.createFileIfNotExits(paramFlowRulePath);
// 流控规则
ReadableDataSource<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleRDS = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
flowRulePath,
flowRuleListParser
);
// 将可读数据源注册至FlowRuleManager
// 这样当规则文件发生变化时，就会更新规则到内存
FlowRuleManager.register2Property(flowRuleRDS.getProperty());
WritableDataSource<List<FlowRule>> flowRuleWDS = new FileWritableDataSource<>(
flowRulePath,
this::encodeJson
);
// 将可写数据源注册至transport模块的WritableDataSourceRegistry中
// 这样收到控制台推送的规则时，Sentinel会先更新到内存，然后将规则写入到文件中
WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerFlowDataSource(flowRuleWDS);
// 降级规则
ReadableDataSource<String, List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleRDS = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
degradeRulePath,
degradeRuleListParser
);
DegradeRuleManager.register2Property(degradeRuleRDS.getProperty());
WritableDataSource<List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleWDS = new FileWritableDataSource<>(
degradeRulePath,
this::encodeJson
);
WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerDegradeDataSource(degradeRuleWDS);
// 系统规则
ReadableDataSource<String, List<SystemRule>> systemRuleRDS = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
systemRulePath,
systemRuleListParser
);
SystemRuleManager.register2Property(systemRuleRDS.getProperty());
WritableDataSource<List<SystemRule>> systemRuleWDS = new FileWritableDataSource<>(
systemRulePath,
this::encodeJson
);
WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerSystemDataSource(systemRuleWDS);
// 授权规则
ReadableDataSource<String, List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleRDS = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
authorityRulePath,
authorityRuleListParser
);
AuthorityRuleManager.register2Property(authorityRuleRDS.getProperty());
WritableDataSource<List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleWDS = new FileWritableDataSource<>(
authorityRulePath,
this::encodeJson
);
WritableDataSourceRegistry.registerAuthorityDataSource(authorityRuleWDS);
// 热点参数规则
ReadableDataSource<String, List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleRDS = new FileRefreshableDataSource<>(
paramFlowRulePath,
paramFlowRuleListParser
);
ParamFlowRuleManager.register2Property(paramFlowRuleRDS.getProperty());
WritableDataSource<List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleWDS = new FileWritableDataSource<>(
paramFlowRulePath,
this::encodeJson
);
ModifyParamFlowRulesCommandHandler.setWritableDataSource(paramFlowRuleWDS);
}
private Converter<String, List<FlowRule>> flowRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(
source,
new TypeReference<List<FlowRule>>() {
}
);
private Converter<String, List<DegradeRule>> degradeRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(
source,
new TypeReference<List<DegradeRule>>() {
}
);
private Converter<String, List<SystemRule>> systemRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(
source,
new TypeReference<List<SystemRule>>() {
}
);
private Converter<String, List<AuthorityRule>> authorityRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(
source,
new TypeReference<List<AuthorityRule>>() {
}
);
private Converter<String, List<ParamFlowRule>> paramFlowRuleListParser = source -> JSON.parseObject(
source,
new TypeReference<List<ParamFlowRule>>() {
}
);
private void mkdirIfNotExits(String filePath) throws IOException {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.mkdirs();
}
}
private void createFileIfNotExits(String filePath) throws IOException {
File file = new File(filePath);
if (!file.exists()) {
file.createNewFile();
}
}
private <T> String encodeJson(T t) {
return JSON.toJSONString(t);
}
}3.3 配置
在项目的 resources/META-INF/services 目录下创建文件，名为 com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.init.InitFunc ，内容为：
# 改成上面FileDataSourceInit的包名类名全路径即可。
com.itmuch.contentcenter.FileDataSourceInit四、优缺点分析
优点
- 简单易懂
- 没有多余依赖（比如配置中心、缓存等）
缺点
- 由于规则是用 FileRefreshableDataSource 定时更新的，所以规则更新会有延迟。如果FileRefreshableDataSource定时时间过大，可能长时间延迟；如果FileRefreshableDataSource过小，又会影响性能；
- 规则存储在本地文件，如果有一天需要迁移微服务，那么需要把规则文件一起迁移，否则规则会丢失。
五、你可能会有的疑问
Spring Cloud Alibaba不是提供了如下配置了吗？为什么要全部自己写呢？
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.file=classpath: degraderule.json
spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.rule-type=flow
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.file=classpath: flowrule.json
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.data-type=custom
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.converter-class=com.alibaba.cloud.examples.JsonFlowRuleListConverter
#spring.cloud.sentinel.datasource.ds1.file.rule-type=flow关于这个问题，可以看我提的Issue：https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/issues/756
六、参考文档
https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/wiki/在生产环境中使用-Sentinel#pull模式